ISO 8859-1 Characters for use in HTML documents

The table below shows various ways of presenting non-standard characters in HTML documents. Most modern browsers will support the various ways of presenting the characters, but you may want to experiment, including accessing your Web document from different computers and using different browsers. These special characters may not appear properly if you design your page to use only specified fonts, or if the browser used to read the page is set to substitute its own non-standard fonts. The characters are included in the ISO (International Standards Organization) character set 8859-1, the default character set for HyperText Markup Language. This is not intended to show all the special text tags recognized in HTML, but simply those characters which are most widely recognized and seem useful for writing specialized text documents. I believe I have included all the individual text characters other than letters, numbers, and "standard" English punctuation in the ISO character set. Other characters may have to be inserted as graphics, or may depend on the person reading your page having installed the same font as you used.

Punctuation (English and other)	Non-English characters (all)
French and Spanish characters	Germanic, Slavic and Scandinavian characters
Accents & diacritical marks	Typographic symbols
Mathematical symbols	Currency
Other special symbols	Greek letters

ISO 8859-1 CHARACTERS
Description	Desired result¹	Numeric code		Entity name
Description	Desired result¹	Code	Effect²	Code	Effect²
Punctuation (English and other)
Quotation mark	"	"	"	"	"
Left brace (curly bracket)	{	&#123	{	{	{
Right brace (curly bracket)	}	&#125	}	}	}
Left angle bracket	«	«	«	«	«
Right angle bracket	»	»	»	»	»
Soft hyphen
Ampersand	&	&	&	&	&
Binding or fixed space [shown inside brackets]	[ ]		[ ]		[ ]
Right single angle quote mark	›		›	&rsaquo;	›
En dash	–		–	–	–
En dash alternate	–		–	&endash;	&endash;
Em dash	—		—	—	—
Em dash alternate	—		—	&emdash;	&emdash;
Inverted exclamation	¡	¡	¡	¡	¡
Inverted question mark	¿	¿	¿	¿	¿
en dash	–	–	–	–	–
Em dash	—	—	—	—	—
Left single quotation mark	'	‘	‘	‘	‘
Right single quotation mark	'	’	’	’	’
Single low quotation mark	‚	‚	‚	&sbquo;	‚
Left double quotation mark	"	“	“	“	“
Right double quotation mark	"	”	”	”	”
Low left rising single quote	‚		‚	&lsquor;	‚
low left rising double quote	„		„	&ldquor;	„
left single angle quote mark	‹		‹	&lsaquo;	‹
left single quotation mark	'		‘	‘	‘
right single quote mark	'		’	’	’
left double quotation mark	"		“	“	“
right double quote mark	"		”	”	”
Double low quotation mark	„	„	„	&bdquo;	„
low horizontal ellipsis	…		…	…	…

Non-English characters, grouped by primary language usage
French and Spanish:
Capital A, acute accent	Á	Á	Á	Á	Á
Lowercase a, acute accent	á	á	á	á	á
Capital A, grave accent	À	À	À	À	À
Lowercase a, grave accent	à	à	à	à	à
Capital A, circumflex	Â	Â	Â	Â	Â
Lowercase a, circumflex	â	â	â	â	â
Capital A, tilde	Ã	Ã	Ã	Ã	Ã
Lowercase a, tilde	ã	ã	ã	ã	ã
Capital E, acute accent	É	É	É	É	É
Lowercase e, acute accent	é	é	é	é	é
Capital E, grave accent	È	È	È	È	È
Lowercase e, grave accent	è	è	è	è	è
Capital E, circumflex	Ê	Ê	Ê	Ê	Ê
Lowercase e, circumflex	ê	ê	ê	ê	ê
Capital I, acute accent	Í	Í	Í	Í	Í
Lowercase i, acute accent	í	í	í	í	í
Capital I, grave accent	Ì	Ì	Ì	Ì	Ì
Lowercase i, grave accent	ì	ì	ì	ì	ì
Capital I, circumflex	Î	Î	Î	Î	Î
Lowercase i, circumflex	î	î	î	î	î
Capital O, acute accent	Ó	Ó	Ó	Ó	Ó
Lowercase o, acute accent	ó	ó	ó	ó	ó
Capital O, grave accent	Ò	Ò	Ò	Ò	Ò
Lowercase o, grave accent	ò	ò	ò	ò	ò
Capital O, circumflex	Ô	Ô	Ô	Ô	Ô
Lowercase o, circumflex	ô	ô	ô	ô	ô
Capital O, tilde	Õ	Õ	Õ	Õ	Õ
Lowercase o, tilde	õ	õ	õ	õ	õ
Capital U, acute accent	Ú	Ú	Ú	Ú	Ú
Lowercase u, acute accent	ú	ú	ú	ú	ú
Capital U, grave accent	Ù	Ù	Ù	Ù	Ù
Lowercase u, grave accent	ù	ù	ù	ù	ù
Capital U, circumflex	Û	Û	Û	Û	Û
Lowercase u, circumflex	û	û	û	û	û
Capital Y, acute accent	Ý	Ý	Ý	Ý	Ý
Lowercase y, acute accent	ý	ý	ý	ý	ý
Capital C, cedilla	Ç	Ç	Ç	Ç	Ç
Lowercase c, cedilla	ç	ç	ç	ç	ç
Capital N, tilde	Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Ñ
Lowercase n, tilde	ñ	ñ	ñ	ñ	ñ

Germanic, Slavic and Scandinavian:
Capital A, diaeresis/umlaut	Ä	Ä	Ä	Ä	Ä
Lowercase a, diaeresis/umlaut	ä	ä	ä	ä	ä
Capital A, ring	Å	Å	Å	Å	Å
Lowercase a, ring	å	å	å	å	å
Capital AE diphthong	Æ	Æ	Æ	Æ	Æ
Lowercase ae diphthong	æ	æ	æ	æ	æ
Capital E, diaeresis/umlaut	Ë	Ë	Ë	Ë	Ë
Lowercase e, diaeresis/umlaut	ë	ë	ë	ë	ë
Capital I, diaeresis/umlaut	Ï	Ï	Ï	Ï	Ï
Lowercase i, diaeresis/umlaut	ï	ï	ï	ï	ï
Capital O, diaeresis/umlaut	Ö	Ö	Ö	Ö	Ö
Lowercase o, diaeresis/umlaut	ö	ö	ö	ö	ö
Capital O, slash	Ø	Ø	Ø	Ø	Ø
Lowercase o, slash	ø	ø	ø	ø	ø
Capital OE ligature	Œ		Œ	&OElig;	Œ
Small OE ligature	œ		œ	&oelig;	œ
Capital U, diaeresis/umlaut	Ü	Ü	Ü	Ü	Ü
Lowercase u, diaeresis/umlaut	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü
Capital Y, diaeresis/umlaut	Ÿ		Ÿ	&Yuml;	Ÿ
Lowercase y, diaeresis/umlaut	ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	ÿ
Capital Edh (Icelandic)	Ð	Ð	Ð	Ð	Ð
Lowercase edh (Icelandic)	ð	ð	ð	ð	ð
Capital Thorn (Icelandic)	Þ	Þ	Þ	Þ	Þ
Lowercase thorn (Icelandic)	þ	þ	þ	þ	þ
Lowercase sharp s (German ss ligature)	ß	ß	ß	ß	ß
Capital S, caron or hacek	Š		Š	&Scaron;	Š
Small S, caron or hacek	š		š	&scaron;	š

Accents & diacritical marks
Acute accent	´	´	´	´	´
Umlaut (diaeresis)	¨	¨	¨	¨	¨
Feminine ordinal	ª	ª	ª	ª	ª
Masculine ordinal	º	º	º	º	º
Macron accent	¯	¯	¯	¯	¯
Cedilla	¸	¸	¸	¸	¸
Letter-modifying circumflex	ˆ		ˆ	[none]
Tilde accent	~	~	~	&tilde;	˜
Small spacing tilde accent	˜		˜	&tilde;	˜

Typographic symbols
Paragraph	¶	¶	¶	¶	¶
Section	§	§	§	§	§
Vertical bar	\|	\|	\|	\|	\|
Broken vertical bar	¦	¦	¦	¦	¦
Round filled bullet	•		•	•	•
Dagger mark	†		†	&dagger;	†
Dagger (alternate)	†	†	†	[none]
Double dagger mark	‡		‡	&Dagger;	‡

Mathematical symbols
Less than	<	<	<	<	<
Greater than	>	>	>	>	>
Not	¬	¬	¬	¬	¬
Degrees	°	°	°	°	°
Plus or Minus	±	±	±	±	±
Multiply	×	×	×	×	×
Divide	÷	÷	÷	÷	÷
Small italic f, function of	ƒ		ƒ	&fnof;	ƒ
Superscript one	¹	¹	¹	¹	¹
Superscript two	²	²	²	²	²
Superscript three	³	³	³	³	³
Micron/micro-/Greek letter Mu	µ	µ	µ	µ	µ
Per thousand (mille) sign	‰		‰	&permil;	‰
Middle dot/Multiply	·	·	·	·	·
One fourth	¼	¼	¼	¼	¼
One half	½	½	½	½	½
Three fourths	¾	¾	¾	¾	¾

Currency
Cent	¢	¢	¢	¢	¢
Pound Sterling	£	£	£	£	£
Yen	¥	¥	¥	¥	¥
Small italic f, Florin	ƒ		ƒ	&fnof;	ƒ
General currency sign	¤	¤	¤	¤	¤
Per thousand (mille) sign	‰		‰	&permil;	‰

Other special symbols
Copyright	©	©	©	©	©
Trademark sign	™		™	™	™
Registered Trademark	®	®	®	®	®

Greek letters
*Note:* All 24 letters of the Greek alphabet (lower-case) are found in the standard "Symbol" font set found on most computers. Therefore all you need to do is insert this tag before the desired letter: <FONT FACE="Symbol"> and this tag after it: </FONT>. In between, place the appropriate English letter as shown to the right. For example: <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</FONT> = a. Of course this will only work if there is a typical "symbol" font set on the viewer's computer. The order given is that of the Greek alphabet. The English letters used are not necessarily related to the Greek pronunciation.
	Greek letter	Eng. letter = Greek name		Greek letter	Eng. letter = Greek name
	a	a = alpha		b	b = beta
	g	g = gamma		d	d = delta
	e	e = epsilon		z	z = zeta
	h	h = eta		q	q = theta
	i	i = iota		k	k = kappa
	l	l = lambda		m	m = mu
	n	n = nu		x	x = xi
	o	o = omicron		p	p = pi
	r	r = rho		s	s = sigma
	t	t = tau		u	u = upsilon
	j	j = phi		c	c = chi
	y	y = psi		w	w = omega

Note 1: Characters typed using keypad numeric codes; if these do not show correctly, perhaps you have set your browser to substitute your selected fonts rather than standard fonts. Not all font sets include all characters. Check your settings.

Note 2: If the character in this column is what the symbol should be, then the code to the left of it works in your browser.

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